The original Lacey Act dates back to 1900, and its purpose is to help prevent the trade of wildlife, plants, and plant products (including timber) that has been illegally taken, held, transported, or sold. The Lacey Act and its various amendments make it unlawful to import certain products without an import declaration.
What should importers know?
When you import plant products or items that contain plant products, you must provide an import declaration confirming that those plant products were legally harvested.
- The import declaration must contain:
- the scientific name of the plant
- the value of the importation
- quantity of the plant
- the name of the country where the plant came from.
Since 2009, APHIS has been gradually phasing in the declaration requirements for more and more products, and is currently preparing for Phase VII. You can read about the latest Declaration Implementation here. There you can also find out which products currently require a declaration.
The following products do not require a Lacey Act declaration:
- Common cultivars, except trees
- Common food crops
- Scientific specimens of plant genetic material used only for laboratory or field research
- Any plant that is to remain planted or will be replanted
- Packaging material such as wood crating, wood pallets, cardboard boxes, and packing paper, unless the packaging material itself is the item being imported
A declaration is also not required if the plant material in a product represents no more than 5% of the total weight of the individual product unit, provided the total weight of the plant material in an entry of products in the same 10-digit tariff provision does not exceed 2.9 kilograms.
Note: Plants and plant products protected under U.S. laws or international agreements such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Endangered Species Act, or any state law that provides for the conservation of indigenous species under threat of extinction must always be accompanied by a declaration if listed on the implementation schedule.
How to submit a Lacey Act declaration
There are two ways to electronically file a declaration:
- Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) – The primary method for filing Lacey Act declarations is through ACE. This automated system allows you to electronically file the data required by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and its partner Government agencies, including the APHIS Lacey Act Program.
- Lacey Act Web Governance System (LAWGS) – You can also file the Lacey Act declaration through LAWGS, APHIS’ web-based system for importers who would otherwise file a paper declaration. Importers who are using ACE to file customs information and LAWGS to submit a Lacey Act declaration must indicate in ACE that they are filing their Lacey Act declaration through another method.
- Mail in a paper declaration – If necessary, you can file a paper declaration using PPQ Form 505.
To stay informed on import legislation and important updates, connect with a customs broker.
The Fish and Wildlife Service has made several amendments to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix I and II, which deals with the import and export of wild animals and plants into and out of the US.
The majority of the amendments will take effect on Feb. 23, 2023. Any specimens of these species imported into, or exported from, the United States on or after February 23, 2023 will require CITES documentation issued in accordance with the adopted amendment.
Appendices I, II and III are lists of species afforded different levels or types of protection from over-exploitation.
Appendix I lists species that are threatened with extinction. All commercial importing of the species on this list is prohibited. (Rare exceptions apply, such as for scientific research.)
Appendix II lists species that are not currently threatened with extinction but may become so unless trade is closely controlled through permits and certifications.
Appendix III (which is unchanged in this amendment) is a list of species included at the request of a country that already regulates trade in the species and that needs the cooperation of other countries to prevent unsustainable or illegal exploitation.
Species added in Appendix I
- Tiliqua adelaidensis (Adelaide scrub skink)
- Kinosternon cora (Cora mud turtle)
- Kinosternon vogti (Vallarta mud turtle)
Species added to Appendix II
- Copsychus malabaricus (White-rumped shama)
- Physignathus cocincinus (Chinese water dragon)
- Cyrtodactylus jeyporensis (Jeypore Indian gecko, Jeypore ground gecko, Patinghe Indian gecko)
- Tarentola chazaliae (Helmethead gecko)
- Phrynosoma spp. (Horned lizards)
- Chelus fimbriata (Matamata) (includes Chelus orinocensis)
- Chelydra serpentine (Common snapping turtle)
- Macrochelys temminckii (Alligator snapping turtle)
- Graptemys barbouri (Barbour’s map turtle)
- Graptemys ernsti (Escambia map turtle)
- Graptemys gibbonsi (Pacagoula map turtle)
- Graptemys pearlensis (Pearl river turtle)
- Graptemys puchra (Alabama map turtle)
- Rhinoclemmys spp. (Neotropical wood turtles)
- Claudius angustatus (Narrow-bridge musk turtle)
- Kinosternon spp. (Mud turtles) (Except species included in Appendix I)
- Staurotypus salvinii (Chiapas giant musk turtle)
- Staurotypus triporcatus (Mexican giant musk turtle)
- Sternotherus spp. (Musk turtles)
- Apalone spp. (Soft-shell turtles) (Except subspecies included in Appendix I)
- Centrolenidae spp.(Glass frogs)
- Agalychnis lemur (Lemur leaf frog) – With a zero annual export quota for wild-taken specimens traded for commercial purposes
- Laotriton laoensis (Laos warty newt) – With a zero annual export quota for wild-taken specimens traded for commercial purposes
- Carcharhinidae spp. (Requiem sharks) –Inclusion in Appendix II delayed by 12 months, i.e. until November 25, 2023
- Sphyrnidae spp. (Hammerhead sharks)
- Potamotrygon albimaculata (Itaituba river stingray)
- Potamotrygon henlei (Big-tooth river stingray)
- Potamotrygon jabuti (Pearl river stingray)
- Potamotrygon leopoldi (White-blotch river stingray)
- Potamotrygon marquesi
- Potamotrygon signata (Parnaiba river stingray)
- Potamotrygon wallacei (Cururu)
- Rhinobatidae spp. (Guitarfish)
- Hypancistrus zebra (Zebra pleco) – With a zero annual export quota for wild-taken specimens traded for commercial purposes
- Thelenota spp. (Redfish sea cucumbers) –Inclusion in Appendix II delayed by 18 months, i.e. until May 25, 2024
- Handroanthus spp., Roseodendron spp., Tabebuia spp. (Poui, Trumpet trees) with annotation #17 (logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets, plywood, and transformed wood) –Inclusion in Appendix II delayed by 24 months, i.e. until November 25, 2024
- Rhodiola spp. (Roseroot) with annotation #2 (all parts and derivatives except: a) seeds and pollen; and b) finished products packaged and ready for retail trade)
- Afzelia spp. with annotation #17 (logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets, plywood, and transformed wood) – Only African populations are included in the Appendices
- Dipteryx spp. with annotation #17 (logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets, plywood, and transformed wood) –Inclusion in Appendix II delayed by 24 months, i.e. until November 25, 2024
- Pterocarpus spp. with annotation #17 (logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets, plywood, and transformed wood) (Except Pterocarpus santalinus included in Appendix II with annotation #7) – Only
- African populations are included in the Appendices
- Khaya spp. with annotation #17 (logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets, plywood, and transformed wood) – Only African populations are included in the Appendices
Species moved from Appendix I to Appendix II
- Cerathotherium simum simum (Southern white rhinoceros) – population of Namibia is included in Appendix II for the exclusive purpose of allowing in international trade in live animals for in-situ conservation only, and only within the natural and historical range of Cerathotherium simum in Africa. All other specimens remain in Appendix I.
- Cynomys mexicanus (Mexican prairie dog)
- Branta canadensis leucopareia (Aleutian Canada goose)
- Phoebastria albatrus (Short-tailed albatross) (NOTE: Listed as Endangered under the
- Caiman latirostris (Broad-snouted caiman) – population of Brazil included in Appendix II subject to a zero annual export quota for wild specimens traded for commercial purposes (NOTE: Brazil Population Listed as Endangered under the ESA)
- Crocodylus porosus (Saltwater crocodile) – population of Palawan islands, Philippines included in Appendix II subject to a zero annual export quota for wild specimens traded for commercial purposes (NOTE: Palawan islands Population Listed as Endangered under the ESA)
- Chilabothrus inornatus (Puerto Rican boa) (NOTE: Listed as Endangered under the ESA)
Species moved from Appendix II to Appendix I
- Pycnonotus zeylanicus (Straw-headed bulbul) –Inclusion in Appendix I delayed by 12 months, i.e. until November 25, 2023
- Batagur kachuga (Red-crowned roofed turtle)
- Cuora galbinifrons (Indochinese box turtle)
- Nilssonia leithii (Leith’s softshell turtle)
Importers can find the official CITES Notification at Notification No. 2023/005.
To stay informed on import news and other important updates, stay connected with a customs broker.
Image credit: cites.org